Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring & Versatile Distributed ESS for Embedded Microgrids with DR Capability

In dense cities like Singapore, the prevalence of high-rise buildings inhibits the net zero transition due to space constraints and intensive energy usage. Unique solutions are required to tackle energy inefficiency and the growing use of distributed energy resources (DERs). Our proposal involves a Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM)-enabled embedded microgrid with a distributed Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) controlled by a DER Management System (DERMS) to address these challenges.

Traditionally, efforts toward carbon neutrality have focused on installing renewable energy sources and increasingly coupling them with large-scale storage systems. We aim to complement this approach by optimising energy use in high-demand buildings in dense cities and a distributed network of BESS which is space-efficient and cost-effective. The proposed setup offers a cost-effective, localised, and efficient means of energy production, storage, and consumption. Through NILM, energy usage is disaggregated, providing input for a machine learning-enabled DERMS to predict future consumption patterns and allowing for better matching of demand with renewable supply. This enables targeted energy efficiency measures, demand response, and optimised dynamic allocation of clean stored energy (the BESS will charge during renewable hours), contributing significantly to Singapore's path to net zero and reducing energy costs for building stakeholders.

Moreover, the city's vulnerability to extreme weather events and grid disruptions emphasises the need for resilient energy infrastructure. BESS-enabled embedded microgrids can function as decentralised energy storage units, ensuring continuous power supply during grid outages or emergencies. This contributes to the overall resilience of the urban energy system, supporting critical services and maintaining normalcy even in adverse conditions. Likewise, as imported renewable energy from neighbouring countries increases, the flexibility provided...