The role of vascular macrophages in cardiovascular health and disease.

Macrophages have a key role in health and disease, by supporting organ function and immune responses to damage and disease. In homeostasis, ontogeny and organ-specific signals influence the phenotype and function of macrophages by activation of specific transcription factors. Disruption of homeostasis due to inflammation, infection or disease results in a drastically altered tissue micro-environment with the influx of newly recruited monocytes and macrophages and inflammatory substances. The macrophage phenotype under non-homeostatic conditions is reshaped by integration of maturation, polarisation, activation and deactivation events via growth factors and cytokines, inducing a myriad of activation states. Cardiovascular disease is an exemplar of how mononuclear phagocytes are directly implicated in health and disease pathogenesis. The study of the functions of vascular macrophages has so far been neglected and is a current area of exciting discovery. We have recently applied single cell technologies to the identification of homeostatic vascular macrophages, and how modulating macrophage behaviour affects atherogenesis and plaque complications. We have also shown how lymphatic vessels interactions with cardiac macrophage affect heart regeneration, and that cardiac and vascular macrophages share similar phenotypes. This project aims to investigate the biology and molecular regulation of cardiovascular macrophages in health and disease. State-of-the-art single cell technologies will be combined with genetic deletion, fate mapping, and functional studies to define the role of cardiovascular macrophages and their interactions with neighbouring cells in health, atherogenesis and myocardial infarction. This project will take advantage of the state-of-the-art facilities and equipment of the two host Institutes - KIR and IDRM, conveniently located in close proximity in the Old Road Campus, to ascertain the niche and cell-cell communications that condition cardiovascular...